Five maps of strikes explain the second anniversary of the war in Ukraine

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Russia’s war in Ukraine has stalled over the past year, with neither side making any huge gains along the hundreds-of-miles-long front line. Attacks including missile strikes, drone strikes and shelling from both Ukrainian and Russian forces remain concentrated in the same general areas they were mired in at the end of 2022.


Strikes in the 1st year of war

Illegally annexed

by Russia in 2014

Note: Drone strikes, shelling, artillery, missile attacks, remote explosive, landmines and IED. Data available from Feb. 24, 2022 to Feb. 16, 2024.

Area held by

Russian-backed

separatists

since 2014

Illegally annexed

by Russia in 2014

Note: Drone strikes, shelling, artillery, missile attacks, remote explosive, landmines and IED. Data available from Feb. 24, 2022 to Feb. 16, 2024.

STRIKES IN THE 1ST YEAR OF WAR

Area held by

Russian-backed

separatists

since 2014

Illegally annexed

by Russia

in 2014

Note: Drone strikes, shelling, artillery, missile attacks, remote explosive, landmines and IED.

Data available from Feb. 24, 2022 to Feb. 16, 2024.

STRIKES IN THE 1ST YEAR OF WAR

Area held by

Russian-backed

separatists

since 2014

Illegally annexed

by Russia

in 2014

Note: Drone strikes, shelling, artillery, missile attacks, remote explosive, landmines and IED. Data available from Feb. 24, 2022 to Feb. 16, 2024.

But the fighting has intensified, according to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, which has been tracking such incidents throughout the war. The organization recorded 9,700 battle events — armed clashes, or the takeover or recovery of territory — in the second year of the war, a 32 percent increase compared with the first year. It said the increase was mainly due to increased fighting in the Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia regions, both of which Ukraine focused on in its failed counteroffensive.

The group recorded 22 territorial gains by Ukraine and 31 by Russia this past year, compared with 600 total in the first year of fighting.

The second anniversary of the war comes at a critical time, when fighting has morphed into a battle of attrition and Kyiv may run out of Western-provided ammunition as aid stalls.

“When you start running out of artillery, you need more troops,” said Max Bergmann, director of the Europe, Russia and Eurasia program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “You start putting more men on the front line and then start losing those men.”


In the early stages of the war, the focus of the

fighting was around Kyiv and in eastern Ukraine.

Russia captured the

city of Kherson on March 2.

There was intense fighting on the banks of the

Donets River and near Kharkiv.

Fighting

in the Mykolaiv region

north of Kherson.

In early September 2022, Ukraine retook

several settlements in the Kharkiv region.

Ukraine launched its Kherson

counteroffensive in August 2022.

Its forces retook settlements in the Mykolaiv

region and the city of Kherson, pushing the

front line to the Dnieper River.

The front line has remained without significant

changes since late 2022, with several small

towns near Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia becoming

the main battlegrounds.

In the early stages of the war, the focus of the

fighting was around Kyiv and in eastern Ukraine.

Russia captured the

city of Kherson on March 2.

There was intense fighting on the banks of the

Donets River and near Kharkiv.

Fighting

in the Mykolaiv region

north of Kherson.

In early September 2022, Ukraine retook

several settlements in the Kharkiv region.

Ukraine launched its Kherson counteroffensive

in August 2022. Its forces retook settlements

in the Mykolaiv region and the city of Kherson,

pushing the front line to the Dnieper River.

The front line has remained without

significant changes since late 2022, with several

small towns near Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia

becoming the main battlegrounds.

In the early stages of the war,

the focus of the fighting was around

Kyiv and in eastern Ukraine.

There was intense fighting

on the banks of the Donets

River and near Kharkiv

Russia captured the

city of Kherson on March 2.

Fighting

in the Mykolaiv region

north of Kherson.

In early September 2022, Ukraine retook

several settlements in the Kharkiv region.

Ukraine launched its Kherson counteroffensive

in August 2022. Its forces retook settlements

in the Mykolaiv region and the city of Kherson,

pushing the front line to the Dnieper River.

The front line has remained without

significant changes since late 2022,

with several small towns near Donetsk

and Zaporizhzhia becoming

the main battlegrounds.

In the early stages of the war, the focus of the

fighting was around Kyiv and in eastern Ukraine.

There was intense fighting on the banks of the

Donets River and near Kharkiv.

Russia captured the

city of Kherson on March 2.

Fighting

in the Mykolaiv region

north of Kherson.

In early September 2022, Ukraine retook

settlements in the Kharkiv region.

Ukraine launched its Kherson

counteroffensive in August 2022. Its forces

retook settlements in the Mykolaiv region and

the city of Kherson, pushing the front line

to the Dnieper River.

The front line has remained

without significant changes

since late 2022, with several small towns

near Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia becoming

the main battlegrounds.

Russia has built heavy fortifications, including razor wire and trenches, hardening the front line.

It’s one of the reasons Ukrainian forces tried and failed to make progress during the summer counteroffensive.

Bergmann said that in the third year of the war, Ukraine would focus on rebuilding its infantry and replenishing ammunition stocks with the goal to “potentially to go on the offensive in 2025.” But that may be hard to achieve as the West’s desire to send more aid to the country wanes.

Moscow has already made incremental gains this year, seizing the eastern city of Avdiivka in mid-February.

“Ukraine didn’t do as much hardening of its line [in the second year] because it was hoping to break through.” Now, Bergmann said, after a year of focusing on fortifications, Russia appears to be pushing to gain more ground.

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